O O impacto na qualidade de vida do procedimento de clareamento dental: uma revisão sobre o tema
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Publicado:
Jan 7, 2022
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumo
A estética na odontologia é um dos objetivos a ser alcançado aspirando uma melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente. O clareamento dental é um procedimento de baixo custo que pode ser realizado no consultório ou pelo próprio paciente. Vários trabalhos científicos comprovam a sua eficácia e outros estudos estão sendo realizados buscando avaliar essa eficácia com o impacto psicossocial. Dentre as ferramentas que vêm sendo utilizadas para tal propósito, estão os questionários Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) e Psycho-social Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDAQ). O presente trabalho visa fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre o impacto do clareamento dental na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estratégia de Busca: As buscas foram feitas nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus e Embase. Resultado: Um total de 224 artigos foram identificados e 40 artigos foram selecionados, sendo 13 estudos clínicos. Conclusão: Parece haver um consenso na literatura pesquisada com relação ao clareamento dentário e à melhora na qualidade de vida. Sensibilidade dentaria e irritação gengival também foram relatados e isso pode levar a um impacto negativo na vida das pessoas. Esse efeito negativo pode ser evitado por meio da associação de um diagnóstico correto da alteração de cor, bem como da indicação de técnica e concentração ideais do agente clareador preconizado pelo dentista.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Como Citar
Lins da Silva, L. A. (2022). O O impacto na qualidade de vida do procedimento de clareamento dental: uma revisão sobre o tema . Revista Naval De Odontologia, 48(2). Recuperado de http://portaldeperiodicos.marinha.mil.br/index.php/odontoclinica/article/view/2120
Seção
Revisões de Literatura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Referências
1. Tin-Oo MM, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors influencing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics. BMC Oral Health. 2011;23:11-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21342536/
2. Bruhn AM, Darby ML, McCombs GB, Lynch CM. Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. J Dent Hyg. 2012;86(3):239-247. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947847/
3. Goo HJ, Kwun HS, Park JH, Cho JM, Kim EK, Choi YE et al. Tooth color reduction and consequent patient satisfaction after office and home bleaching: a 6-month follow-up study. J Korean Acad Oral Heal. 2015;39(1):3. https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.3
4. Bersezio C, Martín J, Herrera A, Loguercio A, Fernández E. The effects of at-home whitening on patients’ oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec 11;18(1):208. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30537968/
5. Bersezio C, Martin J, Peña F, Rubio M, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(6):596-605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144879/
6. Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, et al. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int (Berl). 2018;49(7):557-566. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a40468
7. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona ÁD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014;42(2 CC-Oral Health):114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.022
8. Ferraz NKL, Nogueira LC, Neiva IM, Ferreira RC, Moreira AN, Magalhães CL. Longevity, effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of low-concentration hydrogen peroxides in-office bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 May;23(5):2061-2070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2607-7
9. Bersezio C, Martín J, Angel P, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, et al. Teeth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide and its impact on quality of life: 2 years of follow-up. Odontology. 2018;0(0):1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29961213/
10. Fernández E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, Inda D, et al. Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(1):41-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27571237/
11. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Junior OBO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and effect of non-vital bleaching on the quality of life of patients up to 6 months post- treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(9):3013-3019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29455372/
12. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Estay J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Fernández E. Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Follow-up Study. Oper Dent. 2018:17-288-C. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059269/
13. Bersezio C, Martín J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(12):3199-3207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1972-7
14. McGrath C, Wong AHH, Lo ECM, Cheung CS. The sensitivity and responsiveness of an oral health related quality of life measure to tooth whitening. J Dent. 2005;33(8):697-702. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139701/
15. Fleck MP de A. O instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100): características e perspectivas The World Health Organization instrument to evaluate quality of life (WHOQOL-100): characteristics and perspectives. Cien Saude Colet. 2000;5(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100004
16. Sardenberg F, Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Auad SM, Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq066
17. Silva FB da, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Correa MB. Desire for tooth bleaching and treatment performed in Brazilian adults: findings from a birth cohort. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32(0):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0012
18. Akarslan Z, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(2):195-200. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.52902
19. Grzić R, Spalj S, Lajnert V, Glavicic S, Uhac I, Pavicic DK. Factors influencing a patient's decision to choose the type of treatment to improve dental esthetics. Vojnosanit Pregl 2012;69(11):978-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311250/
20. Lukez A, Pavlic A, Trinajstic Zrinski M, Spalj S. The unique contribution of elements of smile aesthetics to psychosocial well-being. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(4):275-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12250
21. de Geus J, Wambier L, Boing T, Loguercio A, Reis A. At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018;43(4): E210-E222. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-222-l
22. Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures. J Endod. 2008;34(4):394-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.020
23. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching - A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400406
24. Kose C, Calixto A, Bauer J, Reis A, Loguercio A. Comparison of the Effects of In-office Bleaching Times on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity: A Single Blind, Randomized ClinicalTrial. Oper Dent. 2016;41(2):138-145. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-085-c
25. Majeed A, Farooq I, Grobler SR, Rossouw RJ. Tooth-bleaching: A review of the efficacy and adverse effects of various tooth whitening products. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2015;25(12):891-896. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26691365/
26. Alhajj MN, Ariffin Z, Celebić A, Alkheraif AA, Amran AG, Ismail IA. Perception of orofacial appearance among laypersons with diverse social and demographic status. PLoS One. 2020;15(9): e0239232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239232
27. Hongxing L, List T, Nilsson I-MM, Johansson A, Astrøm AN. Validity and reliability of OIDP and OHIP-14: a survey of Chinese high school students. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):158. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-158
28. Abegg C, Fontanive VN, Tsakos G, Davoglio RS, De Oliveira MMC. Adapting and testing the oral impacts on daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil. Gerodontology. 2015;32(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12051
29. Allen PF, McMillan AS, Walshaw D, Locker D. A comparison of the validity of measures in the assessment of oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(3):344-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02031.x
30. Bader K, Zarea A. Satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:912368. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/912368
31. Afshar MK, Eskandarizadeh A, Torabi M, Mousavi Mj, Mohamadzadeh I. Patient satisfaction with dental appearance and related factors- a cross sectional study. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci.2019;8(48):3569-3574. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/771
32. Kovacevic Pavicic D, Pavlic A, Kinkela Devcic M, Lajnert V, Spalj S. Tooth Color as a Predictor of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults. J Prosthodont. 2017:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12666
33. Herrera A, Martín J, Pérez F, Bonafé E, Reis A, Dourado L, et al. Is personality relevant in the choice of bleaching? Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):2105-2111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1701-3
34. Martin J, Rivas V, Vildósola P, Moncada L, Junior OBO, Saad JRC, et al. Personality style in patients looking for tooth bleaching and its correlation with treatment satisfaction. Braz Dent J. 2016;27:60-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600127
35. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881-897. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a34700
36. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A. Predictive factors on the efficacy and risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity of dental bleaching: A multi regression and logistic analysis. J Dent. 2016; 45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.003
37. Teixeira ECN, Ritter A V., Thompson JY, Leonard RH, Swift EJ. Effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on microhardness of enamel surface and subsurface. Am J Dent. 2004;Dec;17(6):433-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724756/
38. Peixoto AC, Vaez SC, Pereira NA de R, Santana CNS, Soares KDA, Romão ACTR, et al. High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26: e20170573. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0573
39. Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sanchéz F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, et al. Does the Use of a “Walking Bleaching” Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent. 2018;43(3):250-260. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-334-c
40. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, da Silveira Vargas F, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(8):1901-1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1
2. Bruhn AM, Darby ML, McCombs GB, Lynch CM. Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. J Dent Hyg. 2012;86(3):239-247. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947847/
3. Goo HJ, Kwun HS, Park JH, Cho JM, Kim EK, Choi YE et al. Tooth color reduction and consequent patient satisfaction after office and home bleaching: a 6-month follow-up study. J Korean Acad Oral Heal. 2015;39(1):3. https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.3
4. Bersezio C, Martín J, Herrera A, Loguercio A, Fernández E. The effects of at-home whitening on patients’ oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec 11;18(1):208. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30537968/
5. Bersezio C, Martin J, Peña F, Rubio M, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(6):596-605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144879/
6. Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, et al. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int (Berl). 2018;49(7):557-566. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a40468
7. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona ÁD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014;42(2 CC-Oral Health):114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.022
8. Ferraz NKL, Nogueira LC, Neiva IM, Ferreira RC, Moreira AN, Magalhães CL. Longevity, effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of low-concentration hydrogen peroxides in-office bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 May;23(5):2061-2070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2607-7
9. Bersezio C, Martín J, Angel P, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, et al. Teeth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide and its impact on quality of life: 2 years of follow-up. Odontology. 2018;0(0):1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29961213/
10. Fernández E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, Inda D, et al. Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(1):41-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27571237/
11. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Junior OBO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and effect of non-vital bleaching on the quality of life of patients up to 6 months post- treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(9):3013-3019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29455372/
12. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Estay J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Fernández E. Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Follow-up Study. Oper Dent. 2018:17-288-C. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059269/
13. Bersezio C, Martín J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(12):3199-3207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1972-7
14. McGrath C, Wong AHH, Lo ECM, Cheung CS. The sensitivity and responsiveness of an oral health related quality of life measure to tooth whitening. J Dent. 2005;33(8):697-702. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139701/
15. Fleck MP de A. O instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100): características e perspectivas The World Health Organization instrument to evaluate quality of life (WHOQOL-100): characteristics and perspectives. Cien Saude Colet. 2000;5(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100004
16. Sardenberg F, Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Auad SM, Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq066
17. Silva FB da, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Correa MB. Desire for tooth bleaching and treatment performed in Brazilian adults: findings from a birth cohort. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32(0):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0012
18. Akarslan Z, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(2):195-200. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.52902
19. Grzić R, Spalj S, Lajnert V, Glavicic S, Uhac I, Pavicic DK. Factors influencing a patient's decision to choose the type of treatment to improve dental esthetics. Vojnosanit Pregl 2012;69(11):978-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311250/
20. Lukez A, Pavlic A, Trinajstic Zrinski M, Spalj S. The unique contribution of elements of smile aesthetics to psychosocial well-being. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(4):275-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12250
21. de Geus J, Wambier L, Boing T, Loguercio A, Reis A. At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018;43(4): E210-E222. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-222-l
22. Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures. J Endod. 2008;34(4):394-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.020
23. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching - A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400406
24. Kose C, Calixto A, Bauer J, Reis A, Loguercio A. Comparison of the Effects of In-office Bleaching Times on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity: A Single Blind, Randomized ClinicalTrial. Oper Dent. 2016;41(2):138-145. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-085-c
25. Majeed A, Farooq I, Grobler SR, Rossouw RJ. Tooth-bleaching: A review of the efficacy and adverse effects of various tooth whitening products. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2015;25(12):891-896. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26691365/
26. Alhajj MN, Ariffin Z, Celebić A, Alkheraif AA, Amran AG, Ismail IA. Perception of orofacial appearance among laypersons with diverse social and demographic status. PLoS One. 2020;15(9): e0239232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239232
27. Hongxing L, List T, Nilsson I-MM, Johansson A, Astrøm AN. Validity and reliability of OIDP and OHIP-14: a survey of Chinese high school students. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):158. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-158
28. Abegg C, Fontanive VN, Tsakos G, Davoglio RS, De Oliveira MMC. Adapting and testing the oral impacts on daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil. Gerodontology. 2015;32(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12051
29. Allen PF, McMillan AS, Walshaw D, Locker D. A comparison of the validity of measures in the assessment of oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(3):344-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02031.x
30. Bader K, Zarea A. Satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:912368. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/912368
31. Afshar MK, Eskandarizadeh A, Torabi M, Mousavi Mj, Mohamadzadeh I. Patient satisfaction with dental appearance and related factors- a cross sectional study. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci.2019;8(48):3569-3574. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/771
32. Kovacevic Pavicic D, Pavlic A, Kinkela Devcic M, Lajnert V, Spalj S. Tooth Color as a Predictor of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults. J Prosthodont. 2017:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12666
33. Herrera A, Martín J, Pérez F, Bonafé E, Reis A, Dourado L, et al. Is personality relevant in the choice of bleaching? Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):2105-2111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1701-3
34. Martin J, Rivas V, Vildósola P, Moncada L, Junior OBO, Saad JRC, et al. Personality style in patients looking for tooth bleaching and its correlation with treatment satisfaction. Braz Dent J. 2016;27:60-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600127
35. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881-897. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a34700
36. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A. Predictive factors on the efficacy and risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity of dental bleaching: A multi regression and logistic analysis. J Dent. 2016; 45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.003
37. Teixeira ECN, Ritter A V., Thompson JY, Leonard RH, Swift EJ. Effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on microhardness of enamel surface and subsurface. Am J Dent. 2004;Dec;17(6):433-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724756/
38. Peixoto AC, Vaez SC, Pereira NA de R, Santana CNS, Soares KDA, Romão ACTR, et al. High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26: e20170573. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0573
39. Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sanchéz F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, et al. Does the Use of a “Walking Bleaching” Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent. 2018;43(3):250-260. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-334-c
40. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, da Silveira Vargas F, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(8):1901-1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1