Leucoplasia Verrucosa Proliferativa: Revisão da Literatura com Ênfase no Diagnóstico, Manejo e Tratamento Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: Literature Review With Emphasis on Diagnosis, Manegement and Treatment
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Publicado:
Mai 12, 2021
Palavras-chave:
Leucoplasia oral, Câncer bucal, Carcinoma Espinocelular, Líquen Plano Bucal, Eritroplasia
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Resumo
As Desordens Potencialmente Malignas Orais (DPMO) descrevem um grupo de doenças com risco aumentado de desenvolver o Carcinoma Espinocelular (CEC), e a mais comum é a Leucoplasia Oral (LO), que apresenta uma variante agressiva denominada Leucoplasia Verrucosa Proliferativa (LVP). Descrita pela primeira vez em 1985 por Hansen et al., a LVP é considerada uma forma multifocal incomum da doença, com curso clínico agressivo e implacável para malignidade, sem associação com os fatores de risco tradicionais da LO. O diagnóstico e manejo dessa variante é um desafio, pois, além da ausência de biomarcadores comprovados que possam predizer seu curso evolutivo, a subjetividade existente na sua avaliação clínica e histopatológica, faz com que a presença ou grau de Displasia Epitelial Oral (DEO) não consiga determinar se haverá ou não transformação maligna da lesão. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma Revisão da Literatura Tradicional, focando especificamente nos aspectos sobre diagnóstico, transformação maligna, manejo e tratamento da LVP, variante agressiva da LO. Concluímos que, ainda hoje, não existem biomarcadores que possam predizer o avanço das LO, tornando-se obrigatório o acompanhamento e/ou tratamento de toda e qualquer LO, inclusive os casos de Queratose de significado incerto.
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Como Citar
Barbosa de Azevedo, A. (2021). Leucoplasia Verrucosa Proliferativa: Revisão da Literatura com Ênfase no Diagnóstico, Manejo e Tratamento. Revista Naval De Odontologia, 48(I), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.29327/25149.48.1-7
Seção
Revisões de Literatura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Referências
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Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on
Cancer. [publicação na web]; 2018 (acesso em 07 out 2020).
Disponível em: https://gco.iarc.fr/today
2. Villa A, Villa C, Abati S. Oral cancer and oral erythroplakia:
an update and implication for clinicians. Aust Dent J. 2011
Sep;56(3):253-6.
3. Dost F, Lê Cao KA, Ford PJ, Farah CS. A retrospective analysis
of clinical features of oral malignant and potentially malignant
disorders with and without oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013 Dec;116(6):725-33.
4. Ganesh D, Sreenivasan P, Öhman J, Wallström M, Braz-Silva
PH, Giglio D, et al. Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders and
Cancer Transformation. Anticancer Res. 2018 Jun;38(6):3223-
3229.
5. Mello FW, Miguel AFP, Dutra KL, Porporatti AL,
Warnakulasuriya S, Guerra ENS, et al. Prevalence of oral
potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and metaanalysis.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2018 Aug;47(7):633-640.6. Nikitakis NG, Pentenero M, Georgaki M, Poh CF, Peterson
DE, Edwards P, et al. Molecular markers associated with
development and progression of potentially premalignant oral
epithelial lesions: Current knowledge and future implications.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018
Jun;125(6):650-669.
7. Woo SB, Grammer RL, Lerman MA. Keratosis of unknown
significance and leukoplakia: a preliminary study. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014 Dec;118(6):713–24.
8. Warnakulasuriya S, Kovacevic T, Madden P, Coupland VH,
Sperandio M, Odell E, et al. Factors predicting malignant
transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders among
patients accrued over a 10-year period in South East England.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2011 Oct;40(9):677-83.
9. Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant
disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Jun;125(6):612-627.
10. Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation
of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Mar;45(3):155-66.
11. Soares AB, Perschbacher K, Perez-Ordonez B. Oral
potentially malignant disorders. Mini-Symposium: Head
And Neck Pathology. Diagnostic Histopathology. 2018
May;24(5):161-65.
12. Van der Waal I. Historical perspective and nomenclature of
potentially malignant or potentially premalignant oral epithelial
lesions with emphasis on leukoplakia-some suggestions for
modifications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.
2018 Jun;125(6):577-581.
13. Hansen LS, Olson JA, Silverman S Jr. Proliferative verrucous
leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Sep;60(3):285-98.
14. Dost F, Lê Cao K, Ford PJ, Ades C, Farah CS. Malignant
transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia: a real-world
evaluation of histopathologic grading. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014 Mar;117(3):343-52.
15. Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral
and oropharyngeal mucosa; present concepts of management.
Oral Oncol. 2010 Jun;46(6):423-5.
16. Celentano A, Glurich I, Borgnakke WS, Farah CS. World
Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in
oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia—A
systematic review of retrospective studies. Oral Dis.
2020;00:1–33.
17. Kramer IR, Lucas RB, Pindborg JJ, Sobin LH. Definition
of leukoplakia and related lesions: an aid to studies on
oral precancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978
Oct;46(4):518-39.
18. El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ
(Eds): WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours (4th
edition). IARC: Lyon 2017. p. 112–5.
Revista N aval de Odontologia - 2021 - Volume 48 Número 1 63
19. Villa A, Gohel A. Oral potentially malignant disorders
in a large dental population. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014 Nov-
Dec;22(6):473-6.
20. Awadallah M, Idle M, Patel K, Kademani D. Management update
of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Jun;125(6):628-636.
21. Lingen MW, Pinto A, Mendes RA, Franchini R, Czerninski
R, Tilakaratne WM, et al. Genetics/epigenetics of oral
premalignancy: current status and future research. Oral Dis.
2011 Apr;17 Suppl 1:7-22.
22. Arduino PG, Bagan J, El-Naggar AK, Carrozzo M. Urban legends
series: oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis. 2013 Oct;19(7):642-59.
23. Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia:
Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral
potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019
Jan-Apr;23(1):19-27.
24. Li CC, Almazrooa S, Carvo I, Salcines A, Woo SB.
Architectural Alterations in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia are
Similar in Unifocal and Proliferative Leukoplakia. Head Neck
Pathol. 2020 Sep 16.
25. Woo SB. Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Premalignancy. Head
Neck Pathol. 2019 Sep;13(3):423-439.
26. Waldron CA, Shafer WG. Leukoplakia revisited. A
clinicopathologic study 3256 oral leukoplakias. Cancer. 1975
Oct;36(4):1386-92.
27. Müller S. Oral epithelial dysplasia, atypical verrucous
lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders: focus on
histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.
2018 Jun;125(6):591–602.
28. Torrejon-Moya A, Jané-Salas E, López-López J. Clinical
manifestations of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A
systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2020 May;49(5):404–408.
29. Tilakaratne WM, Jayasooriya PR, Jayasuriya NS, De Silva
RK. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Causes, quantification, prognosis,
and management challenges. Periodontol 2000. 2019
Jun;80(1):126-147.
30. Villa A, Menon RS, Kerr AR, De Abreu Alves F, Guollo A,
Ojeda D, et al. Proliferative leukoplakia: Proposed new clinical
diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis. 2018 Jul;24(5):749–60.
31. Napier SS, Speight PM. Natural history of potentially
malignant oral lesions and conditions: an overview of the
literature. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Jan;37(1):1-10.
32. Fitzpatrick SG, Honda KS, Sattar A, Hirsch SA. Histologic
lichenoid features in oral dysplasia and squamous cell
carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014
Apr;117(4):511–20.
33. Abadie WM, Partington EJ, Fowler CB, Schmalbach CE.
Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia:
A Systematic Review of the Literature. Otolaryngol Head
Neck Surg. 2015 Oct;153(4):504-11.
34. Farah CS, Fox SA. Dysplastic oral leukoplakia is molecularly
distinct from leukoplakia without dysplasia. Oral Dis. 2019
Oct;25(7):1715-1723.
35. Villa A, Hanna GJ, Kacew A, Frustino J, Hammerman PS, Woo
SB. Oral keratosis of unknown significance shares genomic
overlap with oral dysplasia. Oral Dis. 2019 Oct;25(7):1707-
1714.
36. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F. Oral leukoplakia and
malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients.
Cancer. 1984 Feb 1;53(3):563-8.
37. Hsue SS, Wang WC, Chen CH, Lin CC, Chen YK, Lin LM.
Malignant transformation in 1458 patients with potentially
malignant oral mucosal disorders: a follow-up study based in
a Taiwanese hospital. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Jan;36(1):25-9.
38. Mehanna HM, Rattay T, Smith J, McConkey CC. Treatment
and follow-up of oral dysplasia - a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Head Neck. 2009 Dec;31(12):1600-9.
39. Brouns E, Baart J, Karagozoglu K, Aartman I, Bloemena E,
van der Waal I. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia
in a welldefined cohort of 144 patients. Oral Dis. 2014
Apr;20(3):e19–24.
40. Bagan JV, Jiménez-Soriano Y, Diaz-Fernandez JM, Murillo-
Cortés J, Sanchis-Bielsa JM, Poveda-Roda R, et al. Malignant
transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral
squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 55 cases. Oral Oncol.
2011 Aug;47(8):732-5.
Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on
Cancer. [publicação na web]; 2018 (acesso em 07 out 2020).
Disponível em: https://gco.iarc.fr/today
2. Villa A, Villa C, Abati S. Oral cancer and oral erythroplakia:
an update and implication for clinicians. Aust Dent J. 2011
Sep;56(3):253-6.
3. Dost F, Lê Cao KA, Ford PJ, Farah CS. A retrospective analysis
of clinical features of oral malignant and potentially malignant
disorders with and without oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013 Dec;116(6):725-33.
4. Ganesh D, Sreenivasan P, Öhman J, Wallström M, Braz-Silva
PH, Giglio D, et al. Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders and
Cancer Transformation. Anticancer Res. 2018 Jun;38(6):3223-
3229.
5. Mello FW, Miguel AFP, Dutra KL, Porporatti AL,
Warnakulasuriya S, Guerra ENS, et al. Prevalence of oral
potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and metaanalysis.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2018 Aug;47(7):633-640.6. Nikitakis NG, Pentenero M, Georgaki M, Poh CF, Peterson
DE, Edwards P, et al. Molecular markers associated with
development and progression of potentially premalignant oral
epithelial lesions: Current knowledge and future implications.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018
Jun;125(6):650-669.
7. Woo SB, Grammer RL, Lerman MA. Keratosis of unknown
significance and leukoplakia: a preliminary study. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014 Dec;118(6):713–24.
8. Warnakulasuriya S, Kovacevic T, Madden P, Coupland VH,
Sperandio M, Odell E, et al. Factors predicting malignant
transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders among
patients accrued over a 10-year period in South East England.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2011 Oct;40(9):677-83.
9. Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant
disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Jun;125(6):612-627.
10. Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation
of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Mar;45(3):155-66.
11. Soares AB, Perschbacher K, Perez-Ordonez B. Oral
potentially malignant disorders. Mini-Symposium: Head
And Neck Pathology. Diagnostic Histopathology. 2018
May;24(5):161-65.
12. Van der Waal I. Historical perspective and nomenclature of
potentially malignant or potentially premalignant oral epithelial
lesions with emphasis on leukoplakia-some suggestions for
modifications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.
2018 Jun;125(6):577-581.
13. Hansen LS, Olson JA, Silverman S Jr. Proliferative verrucous
leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Sep;60(3):285-98.
14. Dost F, Lê Cao K, Ford PJ, Ades C, Farah CS. Malignant
transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia: a real-world
evaluation of histopathologic grading. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014 Mar;117(3):343-52.
15. Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral
and oropharyngeal mucosa; present concepts of management.
Oral Oncol. 2010 Jun;46(6):423-5.
16. Celentano A, Glurich I, Borgnakke WS, Farah CS. World
Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in
oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia—A
systematic review of retrospective studies. Oral Dis.
2020;00:1–33.
17. Kramer IR, Lucas RB, Pindborg JJ, Sobin LH. Definition
of leukoplakia and related lesions: an aid to studies on
oral precancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978
Oct;46(4):518-39.
18. El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ
(Eds): WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours (4th
edition). IARC: Lyon 2017. p. 112–5.
Revista N aval de Odontologia - 2021 - Volume 48 Número 1 63
19. Villa A, Gohel A. Oral potentially malignant disorders
in a large dental population. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014 Nov-
Dec;22(6):473-6.
20. Awadallah M, Idle M, Patel K, Kademani D. Management update
of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Jun;125(6):628-636.
21. Lingen MW, Pinto A, Mendes RA, Franchini R, Czerninski
R, Tilakaratne WM, et al. Genetics/epigenetics of oral
premalignancy: current status and future research. Oral Dis.
2011 Apr;17 Suppl 1:7-22.
22. Arduino PG, Bagan J, El-Naggar AK, Carrozzo M. Urban legends
series: oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis. 2013 Oct;19(7):642-59.
23. Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia:
Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral
potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019
Jan-Apr;23(1):19-27.
24. Li CC, Almazrooa S, Carvo I, Salcines A, Woo SB.
Architectural Alterations in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia are
Similar in Unifocal and Proliferative Leukoplakia. Head Neck
Pathol. 2020 Sep 16.
25. Woo SB. Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Premalignancy. Head
Neck Pathol. 2019 Sep;13(3):423-439.
26. Waldron CA, Shafer WG. Leukoplakia revisited. A
clinicopathologic study 3256 oral leukoplakias. Cancer. 1975
Oct;36(4):1386-92.
27. Müller S. Oral epithelial dysplasia, atypical verrucous
lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders: focus on
histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.
2018 Jun;125(6):591–602.
28. Torrejon-Moya A, Jané-Salas E, López-López J. Clinical
manifestations of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A
systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2020 May;49(5):404–408.
29. Tilakaratne WM, Jayasooriya PR, Jayasuriya NS, De Silva
RK. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Causes, quantification, prognosis,
and management challenges. Periodontol 2000. 2019
Jun;80(1):126-147.
30. Villa A, Menon RS, Kerr AR, De Abreu Alves F, Guollo A,
Ojeda D, et al. Proliferative leukoplakia: Proposed new clinical
diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis. 2018 Jul;24(5):749–60.
31. Napier SS, Speight PM. Natural history of potentially
malignant oral lesions and conditions: an overview of the
literature. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Jan;37(1):1-10.
32. Fitzpatrick SG, Honda KS, Sattar A, Hirsch SA. Histologic
lichenoid features in oral dysplasia and squamous cell
carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014
Apr;117(4):511–20.
33. Abadie WM, Partington EJ, Fowler CB, Schmalbach CE.
Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia:
A Systematic Review of the Literature. Otolaryngol Head
Neck Surg. 2015 Oct;153(4):504-11.
34. Farah CS, Fox SA. Dysplastic oral leukoplakia is molecularly
distinct from leukoplakia without dysplasia. Oral Dis. 2019
Oct;25(7):1715-1723.
35. Villa A, Hanna GJ, Kacew A, Frustino J, Hammerman PS, Woo
SB. Oral keratosis of unknown significance shares genomic
overlap with oral dysplasia. Oral Dis. 2019 Oct;25(7):1707-
1714.
36. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F. Oral leukoplakia and
malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients.
Cancer. 1984 Feb 1;53(3):563-8.
37. Hsue SS, Wang WC, Chen CH, Lin CC, Chen YK, Lin LM.
Malignant transformation in 1458 patients with potentially
malignant oral mucosal disorders: a follow-up study based in
a Taiwanese hospital. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Jan;36(1):25-9.
38. Mehanna HM, Rattay T, Smith J, McConkey CC. Treatment
and follow-up of oral dysplasia - a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Head Neck. 2009 Dec;31(12):1600-9.
39. Brouns E, Baart J, Karagozoglu K, Aartman I, Bloemena E,
van der Waal I. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia
in a welldefined cohort of 144 patients. Oral Dis. 2014
Apr;20(3):e19–24.
40. Bagan JV, Jiménez-Soriano Y, Diaz-Fernandez JM, Murillo-
Cortés J, Sanchis-Bielsa JM, Poveda-Roda R, et al. Malignant
transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral
squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 55 cases. Oral Oncol.
2011 Aug;47(8):732-5.