A Importância dos Métodos de Determinação das Idades Esquelética e Dentária na Ortodontia e Odontopediatria – Uma Revisão de Literatura The Importance of Methods for Determination of Squeletal and Dental Age in Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry – A Literature Review
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Publicado:
Out 19, 2023
Palavras-chave:
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto, Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes, Ossos do Carpo, Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico, Radiografia Dentária
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Resumo
O estágio de desenvolvimento humano é intimamente relacionado à sua maturidade óssea ou dentária, sendo essencial para a escolha do tratamento de alterações dentofaciais em crianças e adolescentes por ortodontistas e odontopediatras. Existem diversos indicadores biológicos para determinar a maturação do indivíduo, como a idade cronológica e as alterações hormonais, porém esses indicadores podem sofrer interferências. Visando uma determinação de desenvolvimento e dos picos de crescimento mais precisa, para um melhor diagnóstico e plano de tratamento, foram desenvolvidos diversos métodos para determinar a idade esquelética e a idade dentária, sendo estes a avaliação da maturação carpal, da morfologia das vértebras cervicais, da fusão óssea da sincondrose esfeno-occipital e da sutura palatina mediana, bem como dos estágios da calcificação dentária. A avaliação das radiografias de mão e punho é o padrão ouro da predição da idade esquelética, e sua correlação com outros métodos já é evidente. Sendo assim, é possível utilizar a avaliação das vértebras cervicais e das idades dentárias de Nolla e Demirjian.
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Como Citar
Garcia Lopes, J., Caroline Tomé Barreto, B., Otero Amaral Vargas, E., Melo Magalhães, K., Issamu Nojima, L., & da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima, M. (2023). A Importância dos Métodos de Determinação das Idades Esquelética e Dentária na Ortodontia e Odontopediatria – Uma Revisão de Literatura. Revista Naval De Odontologia, 50(2), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.22491/25149.50-2-6
Seção
Revisões de Literatura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Referências
1. Coutinho S, Buschang PH, Miranda F. Relationships between mandibular canine calcification stages and skeletal maturity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;104(3):262-8.
2. Marcondes E. Idade óssea em pediatria. Pediat. 1980;2:297-311.
3. Haiter Neto F. Análise comparativa manual e computadorizada da estimativa da idade óssea pelo índice de Eklöf & Ringertz [tese]. Bauru: Universidade de São Paulo; 1995.
4. Chertkow S, Fatti P. The relationship between tooth mineralization and early radiographic evidence of ulnar sesamoid. Angle Orthod. 1979;49(4):282-8.
5. Rodriguez CYA, Arriola-Guillen LE, Flores-Mir C. Björk-Jarabak cephalometric analysis on CBCT synthesized cephalograms with different dentofacial sagittal skeletal patterns. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(6):46-53.
6. Moraes MEL, Médici Filho E, Moraes LC. Surto de crescimento puberal. Relação entre mineralização dentária, idade cronológica, idade dentária e idade óssea – método radiográfico. Rev Odontol UNESP. 1998;27(1):111-29.
7. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2a ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
8. Lamparski DC. Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae [dissertação]. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; 1972.
9. Hassel B, Farman AG. Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;107(1):58-66.
10. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(4):316-23.
11. Bassed RB, Briggs C, Drummer OH. Analysis of time of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis using computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;200(1-3):161-4.
12. Angelieri F, Cevidanes LH, Franchi L, Gonçalves JR, Benavides E, McNamara JA Jr. Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(5):759-69.
13. Nolla CM. The development of permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27(4):254-66.
14. Demirjian A, Goldstein H, Tanner JM. A new system of dental age assessment. Hum Biol. 1973;45(2):211-27.
15. Garn SM, Rohmann CG. Variability in the order ossification of the bony centers of the hand and wrist. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1960;18(3):219-30.
16. Guzzi BSS, Carvalho LS. Estudo da maturação óssea em pacientes jovens de ambos os sexos através de radiografias de mão e punho. Ortodontia. 2000;33(3):49-58.
17. Koc A, Karaoglanoglu M, Erdogan M, Kosecik M, Cesur Y. Assessment of bone ages: is the Greulich-Pyle method sufficient for Turkish boys? Pediatr Int. 2001;43(6):662-5.
18. Breen AB, Steen H, Pripp A, Hvid I, Horn J. Comparison of different bone age methods and chronological age in prediction of remaining growth around the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023;43(6):386-91.
19. Yeong-Senga Y, Ting Ywan C, Jeffrey CC. Applicability of the Greulich and Pyle bone age standards to Taiwanese children: a Taipei experience. J Chin Med Assoc. 2022;85(7):767-73.
20. Yeong-Senga Y, Ting Ywan C, Tao-Hsine T. Bone age assessment: large-scale comparison of Greulich-Pyle method and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method for Taiwanese children. J Chin Med Assoc. 2023;86(2):246-53.
21. Wang YM, Tsai TH, Hsu JS, Chao MF, Wang YT, Jaw TS. Automatic assessment of bone age in Taiwanese children: a comparison of the Greulich and Pyle method and the Tanner and Whitehouse 3 method. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2020;36(11):937-43.
22. Faustino-da-Silva YV, Martinho DV, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Conde J, Oliveira TG, et al. Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of Greulich-Pyle protocol to estimate skeletal age among female adolescent soccer players. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):494.
23. Koc U, Taydaş O, Bolu S, Elhan AH, Karakas SP. The Greulich-Pyle and Gilsanz-Ratib atlas method versus automated estimation tool for bone age: a multi-observer agreement study. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(3):267-72.
24. Booz C, Yel I, Wichmann JL, Boettger S, Kamali AA, Albrecht MH, et al. Artificial intelligence in bone age assessment: accuracy and efficiency of a novel fully automated algorithm compared to the Greulich-Pyle method. Eur Radiol Exp. 2020;4(1):6
25. Fishman LS. Can cephalometric x-rays of the cervical column be used instead of hand-wrist x-rays to determine patient's maturational age? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;122(1):18A-19A.
26. García-Fernandez P, Torre H, Flores L, Rea J. The cervical vertebrae as maturational indicators. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32(4):221-5.
27. Flores-Mir C, Burgess CA, Champney M, Jensen RJ, Pitcher MR, Major PW. Correlation of skeletal maturation stages determined by cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist evaluations. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(1):1-5.
28. Gandini P, Mancini M, Andreani F. A comparison of hand-wrist bone and cervical vertebral analyses in measuring skeletal maturation. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):984-9.
29. Damian MF, Woitchunas FE, Cericato GO, Cechinato F, Moro G, Massochin ME, et al. Análise da confiabilidade e da correlação de dois índices de estimativa da maturação esquelética: índice carpal e índice vertebral. Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop. 2006;11(5):110-20.
30. Uysal T, Ramoglu SI, Basciftci FA, Sari Z. Chronologic age and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist: Is there a relationship? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(5):622-8.
31. Caldas MP, Ambrosano GMB, Haiter-Neto F. Computer assisted analysis of cervical vertebral bone age using cephalometric radiographs in Brazilian subjects. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(1):120-6.
32. Al Khal HA, Wong RWK, Rabie ABM. Elimination of hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment in children needing orthodontic therapy. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(3):195-200.
33. Gabriel DB, Southard KA, Qian F, Marshall SD, Franciscus RG, Southard TE. Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(4):478.e1-7; discussion 478-80.
34. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11(3):119-29.
35. Carelli J, Madalena IR, Mattos C, Morais ND, Lopes, CMCF, Scariot, R, et al. Avaliação da correlação entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária em crianças brasileiras. RSBO. 2020;17(2):162-71.
36. Alqadi MA, Abuaffan AH. The reliability of Fishman and Nolla methods in prediction of chronological age of Yemeni children. Braz Dent Sci. 2020;23(3):1-9.
37. Magat G, Ozcan S. Assessment of maturation stages and the accuracy of age estimation methods in a Turkish population: a comparative study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2022;52(1):83-91.
38. Amasya H, Yildirim D, Aydogan T, Kemaloglu N, Orhan K. Cervical vertebral maturation assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs using artificial intelligence: comparison of machine learning classifier models. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49(5):20190441.
39. Scheuer L, Black S. Developmental juvenile osteology. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press; 2000.
40. Ennes J, Consolaro A. Sutura palatina mediana: avaliação do grau de ossificação em crânios humanos. Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2004;9(5):64-73.
41. Silva C, Goldberg T, Teixeira A, Dalmas J. Mineralização óssea em adolescente do sexo masculino: anos críticos para a aquisição da massa óssea. J Pediatr. 2004;80(6):461-7.
42. Marshall D. Radiographic correlation of hand, wrist, and tooth development. Dental Radiog Photogr. 1976;49(3):51-72.
43. Ferreira ER Jr, Pinto LAMS, Pinto RS. Estágio de mineralização dental: 1. análise comparativa entre os sexos. Rev Odontol UNESP. 1993;22(2):303-13.
44. Bolaños MV, Manrique MC, Bolaños MJ, Briones MT. Approaches to chronological age assessment based on dental calcification. Forensic Sci Int. 2000;110(2):97-106.
45. Rossi RR, Amorim SG, Pacheco MCT. Correlação entre estágios de mineralização dos dentes e estimativa da maturação esquelética. Ortodontia. 1999;32(3):48-58.
46. Chhaparwal Y, Kumar M, Madi M, Chhaparwal S, Pentapati KC. Age estimation by modified Demirjian’s method in a hospital-based population: a radiographic study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2021;21:e0137.
47. Han MQ, Jia SX, Wang CX, Chu G, Chen T, Zhou H, et al. Accuracy of the Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods for dental age estimation in a northern Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;118:104875.
48. Gonçalves LS, Machado ALR, Gaêta-Araujo H, Recalde TSF, Oliveira-Santos C, Silva RHA. A comparison of Demirjian and Willems age estimation methods in a sample of Brazilian non-adult individuals. Forensic Imaging. 2021;25:20045.
49. Barati S, Khafri S, Rahmati Kamel M, Sheikhzade S, Abesi F, et al. Comparison of Demirjian and Willems methods in estimating dental age and modification of Willems method for 7 - 15 year olds Iranian population. Iran J Pediatr. 2022;32(5):e122126.
50. Mónico LS, Tomás LF, Tomás I, Varela-Patiño P, Martin-Biedma B. Adapting Demirjian standards for Portuguese and Spanish children and adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12706.
51. Filipović G, Djordjević NS, Stojanović NM, Brkić Z, Igić M, Marjanović D, et al. Evaluation of chronological age based on third-molar development in the Serbian population. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2020;77(10):1054-9.
52. Yassin SM, Al Almai BAM, Ali Huaylah SH, Althobati MK, AlHamdi FMA, Togoo RA. Accuracy of estimating chronological age from Nolla’s Method of dental age estimation in a population of Southern Saudi Arabian children. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(12):1753-8.
53. Marrero-Ramos MD, López-Urquía L, Suárez-Soto A, Sánchez-Villegas A, Vicente-Barrero M. Estimation of the age of majority through radiographic evaluation of the third molar maturation degree. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(3):e359-63.
54. Jeong MJ, Lee KE, Chae YK, Nam OH, Lee HS, Choi SC. Correlations between skeletal maturity and dental calcification stages in Korean children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(2):101-5.
55. Ramaswami TB, Rosa GC, Fernandes MM, Oliveira RN, Tinoco RLR. Third molar development by Demirjian’s stages and age estimation among Brazilians. Forensic Imaging. 2020;20:200353.
56. Bud ES, Bud A, Bică C, Stoica OE, Oltean AE, Vlasa A, et al. Evaluation of dental maturity using the Demirjian’s method in Romanian children. Acta Medica Transilvanica. 2021;26(2):48-51.
57. Galibourg A, Cussat-Blanc S, Dumoncel J, Telmon N, Monsarrat P, Maret D. Comparison of different machine learning approaches to predict dental age using Demirjian’s staging approach. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(2):665-75.
2. Marcondes E. Idade óssea em pediatria. Pediat. 1980;2:297-311.
3. Haiter Neto F. Análise comparativa manual e computadorizada da estimativa da idade óssea pelo índice de Eklöf & Ringertz [tese]. Bauru: Universidade de São Paulo; 1995.
4. Chertkow S, Fatti P. The relationship between tooth mineralization and early radiographic evidence of ulnar sesamoid. Angle Orthod. 1979;49(4):282-8.
5. Rodriguez CYA, Arriola-Guillen LE, Flores-Mir C. Björk-Jarabak cephalometric analysis on CBCT synthesized cephalograms with different dentofacial sagittal skeletal patterns. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(6):46-53.
6. Moraes MEL, Médici Filho E, Moraes LC. Surto de crescimento puberal. Relação entre mineralização dentária, idade cronológica, idade dentária e idade óssea – método radiográfico. Rev Odontol UNESP. 1998;27(1):111-29.
7. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2a ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
8. Lamparski DC. Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae [dissertação]. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; 1972.
9. Hassel B, Farman AG. Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;107(1):58-66.
10. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(4):316-23.
11. Bassed RB, Briggs C, Drummer OH. Analysis of time of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis using computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;200(1-3):161-4.
12. Angelieri F, Cevidanes LH, Franchi L, Gonçalves JR, Benavides E, McNamara JA Jr. Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(5):759-69.
13. Nolla CM. The development of permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27(4):254-66.
14. Demirjian A, Goldstein H, Tanner JM. A new system of dental age assessment. Hum Biol. 1973;45(2):211-27.
15. Garn SM, Rohmann CG. Variability in the order ossification of the bony centers of the hand and wrist. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1960;18(3):219-30.
16. Guzzi BSS, Carvalho LS. Estudo da maturação óssea em pacientes jovens de ambos os sexos através de radiografias de mão e punho. Ortodontia. 2000;33(3):49-58.
17. Koc A, Karaoglanoglu M, Erdogan M, Kosecik M, Cesur Y. Assessment of bone ages: is the Greulich-Pyle method sufficient for Turkish boys? Pediatr Int. 2001;43(6):662-5.
18. Breen AB, Steen H, Pripp A, Hvid I, Horn J. Comparison of different bone age methods and chronological age in prediction of remaining growth around the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023;43(6):386-91.
19. Yeong-Senga Y, Ting Ywan C, Jeffrey CC. Applicability of the Greulich and Pyle bone age standards to Taiwanese children: a Taipei experience. J Chin Med Assoc. 2022;85(7):767-73.
20. Yeong-Senga Y, Ting Ywan C, Tao-Hsine T. Bone age assessment: large-scale comparison of Greulich-Pyle method and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method for Taiwanese children. J Chin Med Assoc. 2023;86(2):246-53.
21. Wang YM, Tsai TH, Hsu JS, Chao MF, Wang YT, Jaw TS. Automatic assessment of bone age in Taiwanese children: a comparison of the Greulich and Pyle method and the Tanner and Whitehouse 3 method. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2020;36(11):937-43.
22. Faustino-da-Silva YV, Martinho DV, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Conde J, Oliveira TG, et al. Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of Greulich-Pyle protocol to estimate skeletal age among female adolescent soccer players. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):494.
23. Koc U, Taydaş O, Bolu S, Elhan AH, Karakas SP. The Greulich-Pyle and Gilsanz-Ratib atlas method versus automated estimation tool for bone age: a multi-observer agreement study. Jpn J Radiol. 2021;39(3):267-72.
24. Booz C, Yel I, Wichmann JL, Boettger S, Kamali AA, Albrecht MH, et al. Artificial intelligence in bone age assessment: accuracy and efficiency of a novel fully automated algorithm compared to the Greulich-Pyle method. Eur Radiol Exp. 2020;4(1):6
25. Fishman LS. Can cephalometric x-rays of the cervical column be used instead of hand-wrist x-rays to determine patient's maturational age? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;122(1):18A-19A.
26. García-Fernandez P, Torre H, Flores L, Rea J. The cervical vertebrae as maturational indicators. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32(4):221-5.
27. Flores-Mir C, Burgess CA, Champney M, Jensen RJ, Pitcher MR, Major PW. Correlation of skeletal maturation stages determined by cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist evaluations. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(1):1-5.
28. Gandini P, Mancini M, Andreani F. A comparison of hand-wrist bone and cervical vertebral analyses in measuring skeletal maturation. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):984-9.
29. Damian MF, Woitchunas FE, Cericato GO, Cechinato F, Moro G, Massochin ME, et al. Análise da confiabilidade e da correlação de dois índices de estimativa da maturação esquelética: índice carpal e índice vertebral. Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop. 2006;11(5):110-20.
30. Uysal T, Ramoglu SI, Basciftci FA, Sari Z. Chronologic age and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist: Is there a relationship? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(5):622-8.
31. Caldas MP, Ambrosano GMB, Haiter-Neto F. Computer assisted analysis of cervical vertebral bone age using cephalometric radiographs in Brazilian subjects. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(1):120-6.
32. Al Khal HA, Wong RWK, Rabie ABM. Elimination of hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment in children needing orthodontic therapy. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(3):195-200.
33. Gabriel DB, Southard KA, Qian F, Marshall SD, Franciscus RG, Southard TE. Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(4):478.e1-7; discussion 478-80.
34. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11(3):119-29.
35. Carelli J, Madalena IR, Mattos C, Morais ND, Lopes, CMCF, Scariot, R, et al. Avaliação da correlação entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária em crianças brasileiras. RSBO. 2020;17(2):162-71.
36. Alqadi MA, Abuaffan AH. The reliability of Fishman and Nolla methods in prediction of chronological age of Yemeni children. Braz Dent Sci. 2020;23(3):1-9.
37. Magat G, Ozcan S. Assessment of maturation stages and the accuracy of age estimation methods in a Turkish population: a comparative study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2022;52(1):83-91.
38. Amasya H, Yildirim D, Aydogan T, Kemaloglu N, Orhan K. Cervical vertebral maturation assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs using artificial intelligence: comparison of machine learning classifier models. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49(5):20190441.
39. Scheuer L, Black S. Developmental juvenile osteology. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press; 2000.
40. Ennes J, Consolaro A. Sutura palatina mediana: avaliação do grau de ossificação em crânios humanos. Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2004;9(5):64-73.
41. Silva C, Goldberg T, Teixeira A, Dalmas J. Mineralização óssea em adolescente do sexo masculino: anos críticos para a aquisição da massa óssea. J Pediatr. 2004;80(6):461-7.
42. Marshall D. Radiographic correlation of hand, wrist, and tooth development. Dental Radiog Photogr. 1976;49(3):51-72.
43. Ferreira ER Jr, Pinto LAMS, Pinto RS. Estágio de mineralização dental: 1. análise comparativa entre os sexos. Rev Odontol UNESP. 1993;22(2):303-13.
44. Bolaños MV, Manrique MC, Bolaños MJ, Briones MT. Approaches to chronological age assessment based on dental calcification. Forensic Sci Int. 2000;110(2):97-106.
45. Rossi RR, Amorim SG, Pacheco MCT. Correlação entre estágios de mineralização dos dentes e estimativa da maturação esquelética. Ortodontia. 1999;32(3):48-58.
46. Chhaparwal Y, Kumar M, Madi M, Chhaparwal S, Pentapati KC. Age estimation by modified Demirjian’s method in a hospital-based population: a radiographic study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2021;21:e0137.
47. Han MQ, Jia SX, Wang CX, Chu G, Chen T, Zhou H, et al. Accuracy of the Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods for dental age estimation in a northern Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;118:104875.
48. Gonçalves LS, Machado ALR, Gaêta-Araujo H, Recalde TSF, Oliveira-Santos C, Silva RHA. A comparison of Demirjian and Willems age estimation methods in a sample of Brazilian non-adult individuals. Forensic Imaging. 2021;25:20045.
49. Barati S, Khafri S, Rahmati Kamel M, Sheikhzade S, Abesi F, et al. Comparison of Demirjian and Willems methods in estimating dental age and modification of Willems method for 7 - 15 year olds Iranian population. Iran J Pediatr. 2022;32(5):e122126.
50. Mónico LS, Tomás LF, Tomás I, Varela-Patiño P, Martin-Biedma B. Adapting Demirjian standards for Portuguese and Spanish children and adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12706.
51. Filipović G, Djordjević NS, Stojanović NM, Brkić Z, Igić M, Marjanović D, et al. Evaluation of chronological age based on third-molar development in the Serbian population. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2020;77(10):1054-9.
52. Yassin SM, Al Almai BAM, Ali Huaylah SH, Althobati MK, AlHamdi FMA, Togoo RA. Accuracy of estimating chronological age from Nolla’s Method of dental age estimation in a population of Southern Saudi Arabian children. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(12):1753-8.
53. Marrero-Ramos MD, López-Urquía L, Suárez-Soto A, Sánchez-Villegas A, Vicente-Barrero M. Estimation of the age of majority through radiographic evaluation of the third molar maturation degree. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(3):e359-63.
54. Jeong MJ, Lee KE, Chae YK, Nam OH, Lee HS, Choi SC. Correlations between skeletal maturity and dental calcification stages in Korean children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(2):101-5.
55. Ramaswami TB, Rosa GC, Fernandes MM, Oliveira RN, Tinoco RLR. Third molar development by Demirjian’s stages and age estimation among Brazilians. Forensic Imaging. 2020;20:200353.
56. Bud ES, Bud A, Bică C, Stoica OE, Oltean AE, Vlasa A, et al. Evaluation of dental maturity using the Demirjian’s method in Romanian children. Acta Medica Transilvanica. 2021;26(2):48-51.
57. Galibourg A, Cussat-Blanc S, Dumoncel J, Telmon N, Monsarrat P, Maret D. Comparison of different machine learning approaches to predict dental age using Demirjian’s staging approach. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(2):665-75.