The Impact of Tooth Whitening Procedures on the Quality of Life: a Topic Review O Impacto na Qualidade de Vida do Procedimento de Clareamento Dental: uma Revisão Sobre o Tema
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Published:
Oct 15, 2021
Keywords:
Tooth Bleaching, Quality of life, World Health Organization, Oral health
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Abstract
One of the goals to be achieved in cosmetic dentistry is the improvement of a patient’s quality of life. Tooth whitening is a low-cost procedure that can be performed either in- office or by the patients themselves, at home. Several scientific papers have proven its effectiveness and other studies have been conducted to evaluate its psychosocial impact. Among the tools that have been used for this purpose are the questionnaires Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) and Psycho-social Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDAQ). The present study aims to review the literature regarding the impact tooth whitening has on a patients’ quality of life. PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus and Embase databases were searched. 224 articles were identified, and 40 articles were selected, of which 13 were clinical studies. There seems to be a consensus in the literature researched associating tooth whitening to improvement in quality of life. On the other hand, some negative impacts have been reported, such as dental sensitivity and gingival irritation. However, these negative effects can be minimized or even avoided with the combination of correct diagnosis of the color change, ideal technique application, and the appropriate concentration of whitening agent as recommended by the dentist.
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How to Cite
Leonardo André Lins da Silva, Bruno de Sousa Claudio, Larissa Maria Assad Cavalcante, & Antonio Canabarro. (2021). The Impact of Tooth Whitening Procedures on the Quality of Life: a Topic Review. Naval Dental Jounal, 48(2), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.29327/25149.48.2-6
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Literature Reviews
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
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2. Bruhn AM, Darby ML, McCombs GB, Lynch CM. Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. J Dent Hyg. 2012;86(3):239-47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947847/
3. Goo HJ, Kwun HS, Park JH, Cho JM, Kim EK, Choi YE et al. Tooth color reduction and consequent patient satisfaction after office and home bleaching: a 6-month follow-up study. J Korean Acad Oral Heal. 2015;39(1):3. https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.3
4. Bersezio C, Martín J, Herrera A, Loguercio A, Fernández E. The effects of at-home whitening on patients’ oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec 11;18(1):208.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30537968/
5. Bersezio C, Martin J, Peña F, Rubio M, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach
Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper
Dent. 2017;42(6):596-605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144879/
6. Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, et al. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using lowconcentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int(Berl). 2018;49(7):557-66. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a40468
7. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona ÁD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014; 42(2):114-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.022
8. Ferraz NKL, Nogueira LC, Neiva IM, Ferreira RC, Moreira AN, Magalhães CL. Longevity, effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of low-concentration hydrogen peroxides in-office
bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019; 23(5):2061-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2607-7
9. Bersezio C, Martín J, Angel P, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, et al. Teeth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide and its impact on quality of life: 2 years of follow-up. Odontology. 2018;0(0):1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29961213/
10. Fernández E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, Inda D, et al. Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(1):41-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/27571237/
11. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Junior OBO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and effect of non-vital bleaching on the quality of life of patients up to 6 months post- treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(9):3013-19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29455372/
12. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Estay J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Fernández E. Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Followup Study. Oper Dent. 2018:17-288-C. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059269/
13. Bersezio C, Martín J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(12):3199-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1972-7
14. McGrath C, Wong AHH, Lo ECM, Cheung CS. The sensitivity and responsiveness of an oral health related quality of life measure to tooth whitening. J Dent. 2005;33(8):697-702. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139701/
15. Fleck MP de A. O instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100): características e perspectivas The World Health Organization instrument to evaluate quality of life (WHOQOL-100): characteristics and perspectives. Cien Saude Colet. 2000;5(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100004
16. Sardenberg F, Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Auad SM, Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq066
17. Silva FB, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Correa MB. Desire for tooth bleaching and treatment performed in
Brazilian adults: findings from a birth cohort. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32(0):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1/1807-3107bor-2018.vol 32.0012
18. Akarslan Z, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(2):195-200. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.52902
19. Grzić R, Spalj S, Lajnert V, Glavicic S, Uhac I, Pavicic DK. Factors influencing a patient’s decision to choose the type of treatment to improve dental esthetics. Vojnosanit Pregl 2012;69(11):978-85.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311250/
20. Lukez A, Pavlic A, Trinajstic Zrinski M, Spalj S. The unique contribution of elements of smile aesthetics to psychosocial well-being. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(4):275-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12250
21. de Geus J, Wambier L, Boing T, Loguercio A, Reis A. Athome Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018;43(4): E210-E222. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-222-l
22. Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures. J Endod. 2008;34(4):394-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.020
23. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching - A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400406
24. Kose C, Calixto A, Bauer J, Reis A, Loguercio A. Comparison of the Effects of In-office Bleaching Times on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity: A Single Blind, Randomized ClinicalTrial. Oper Dent. 2016;41(2):138-45. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-085-c
25. Majeed A, Farooq I, Grobler SR, Rossouw RJ. Toothbleaching: A review of the efficacy and adverse effects of
various tooth whitening products. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2015;25(12):891-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26691365/
26. Alhajj MN, Ariffin Z, Celebić A, Alkheraif AA, Amran AG, Ismail IA. Perception of orofacial appearance among
laypersons with diverse social and demographic status. PLoS One. 2020;15(9): e0239232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239232
27. Hongxing L, List T, Nilsson I-MM, Johansson A, Astrøm AN. Validity and reliability of OIDP and OHIP-14: a survey of Chinese high school students. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):158. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-158
28. Abegg C, Fontanive VN, Tsakos G, Davoglio RS, De Oliveira MMC. Adapting and testing the oral impacts on
daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil. Gerodontology. 2015;32(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12051
29. Allen PF, McMillan AS, Walshaw D, Locker D. A comparison of the validity of measures in the assessment of oral healthrelated quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(3):344-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a34700
36. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A. Predictive factors on the efficacy and risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity of dental bleaching: A multi regression and logistic analysis. J Dent. 2016; 45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.003
37. Teixeira ECN, Ritter A V., Thompson JY, Leonard RH, Swift EJ. Effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on microhardness of enamel surface and subsurface. Am J Dent. 2004;Dec;17(6):433-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724756/
38. Peixoto AC, Vaez SC, Pereira NA de R, Santana CNS, Soares KDA, Romão ACTR, et al. High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26: e20170573. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0573
39. Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sanchéz F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, et al. Does the Use of a “Walking Bleaching”
Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent. 2018;43(3):250-60. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-334-c
40. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, da Silveira Vargas F, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(8):1901-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1tb02031.x
30. Bader K, Zarea A. Satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics. Int J Dent.
2013;2013:912368. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/912368
31. Afshar MK, Eskandarizadeh A, Torabi M, Mousavi Mj, Mohamadzadeh I. Patient satisfaction with dental appearance and related factors- a cross sectional study. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci.2019;8(48):3569-74. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/771
32. Kovacevic Pavicic D, Pavlic A, Kinkela Devcic M, Lajnert V, Spalj S. Tooth Color as a Predictor of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults. J Prosthodont. 2017:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12666
33. Herrera A, Martín J, Pérez F, Bonafé E, Reis A, Dourado L, et al. Is personality relevant in the choice of bleaching? Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):2105-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1701-3
34. Martin J, Rivas V, Vildósola P, Moncada L, Junior OBO, Saad JRC, et al. Personality style in patients looking for tooth bleaching and its correlation with treatment satisfaction. Braz Dent J. 2016;27:60-65. https://doi.or/10.1590/0103-6440201600127
35. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881-97.
2. Bruhn AM, Darby ML, McCombs GB, Lynch CM. Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. J Dent Hyg. 2012;86(3):239-47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22947847/
3. Goo HJ, Kwun HS, Park JH, Cho JM, Kim EK, Choi YE et al. Tooth color reduction and consequent patient satisfaction after office and home bleaching: a 6-month follow-up study. J Korean Acad Oral Heal. 2015;39(1):3. https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.1.3
4. Bersezio C, Martín J, Herrera A, Loguercio A, Fernández E. The effects of at-home whitening on patients’ oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec 11;18(1):208.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30537968/
5. Bersezio C, Martin J, Peña F, Rubio M, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach
Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper
Dent. 2017;42(6):596-605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144879/
6. Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, et al. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using lowconcentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int(Berl). 2018;49(7):557-66. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a40468
7. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona ÁD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014; 42(2):114-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.022
8. Ferraz NKL, Nogueira LC, Neiva IM, Ferreira RC, Moreira AN, Magalhães CL. Longevity, effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of low-concentration hydrogen peroxides in-office
bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019; 23(5):2061-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2607-7
9. Bersezio C, Martín J, Angel P, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, et al. Teeth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide and its impact on quality of life: 2 years of follow-up. Odontology. 2018;0(0):1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29961213/
10. Fernández E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Godoy I, Avalos F, Inda D, et al. Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(1):41-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/27571237/
11. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Junior OBO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and effect of non-vital bleaching on the quality of life of patients up to 6 months post- treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(9):3013-19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29455372/
12. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Estay J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Fernández E. Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Followup Study. Oper Dent. 2018:17-288-C. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30059269/
13. Bersezio C, Martín J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Estay J, Vernal R, et al. Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(12):3199-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1972-7
14. McGrath C, Wong AHH, Lo ECM, Cheung CS. The sensitivity and responsiveness of an oral health related quality of life measure to tooth whitening. J Dent. 2005;33(8):697-702. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16139701/
15. Fleck MP de A. O instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100): características e perspectivas The World Health Organization instrument to evaluate quality of life (WHOQOL-100): characteristics and perspectives. Cien Saude Colet. 2000;5(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232000000100004
16. Sardenberg F, Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Auad SM, Vale MP. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):270-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq066
17. Silva FB, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Correa MB. Desire for tooth bleaching and treatment performed in
Brazilian adults: findings from a birth cohort. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32(0):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1/1807-3107bor-2018.vol 32.0012
18. Akarslan Z, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(2):195-200. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.52902
19. Grzić R, Spalj S, Lajnert V, Glavicic S, Uhac I, Pavicic DK. Factors influencing a patient’s decision to choose the type of treatment to improve dental esthetics. Vojnosanit Pregl 2012;69(11):978-85.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311250/
20. Lukez A, Pavlic A, Trinajstic Zrinski M, Spalj S. The unique contribution of elements of smile aesthetics to psychosocial well-being. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(4):275-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12250
21. de Geus J, Wambier L, Boing T, Loguercio A, Reis A. Athome Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018;43(4): E210-E222. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-222-l
22. Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures. J Endod. 2008;34(4):394-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.020
23. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching - A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400406
24. Kose C, Calixto A, Bauer J, Reis A, Loguercio A. Comparison of the Effects of In-office Bleaching Times on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity: A Single Blind, Randomized ClinicalTrial. Oper Dent. 2016;41(2):138-45. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-085-c
25. Majeed A, Farooq I, Grobler SR, Rossouw RJ. Toothbleaching: A review of the efficacy and adverse effects of
various tooth whitening products. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2015;25(12):891-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26691365/
26. Alhajj MN, Ariffin Z, Celebić A, Alkheraif AA, Amran AG, Ismail IA. Perception of orofacial appearance among
laypersons with diverse social and demographic status. PLoS One. 2020;15(9): e0239232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239232
27. Hongxing L, List T, Nilsson I-MM, Johansson A, Astrøm AN. Validity and reliability of OIDP and OHIP-14: a survey of Chinese high school students. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):158. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-158
28. Abegg C, Fontanive VN, Tsakos G, Davoglio RS, De Oliveira MMC. Adapting and testing the oral impacts on
daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil. Gerodontology. 2015;32(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12051
29. Allen PF, McMillan AS, Walshaw D, Locker D. A comparison of the validity of measures in the assessment of oral healthrelated quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(3):344-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a34700
36. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A. Predictive factors on the efficacy and risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity of dental bleaching: A multi regression and logistic analysis. J Dent. 2016; 45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.003
37. Teixeira ECN, Ritter A V., Thompson JY, Leonard RH, Swift EJ. Effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on microhardness of enamel surface and subsurface. Am J Dent. 2004;Dec;17(6):433-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724756/
38. Peixoto AC, Vaez SC, Pereira NA de R, Santana CNS, Soares KDA, Romão ACTR, et al. High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26: e20170573. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0573
39. Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sanchéz F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, et al. Does the Use of a “Walking Bleaching”
Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent. 2018;43(3):250-60. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-334-c
40. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, da Silveira Vargas F, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(8):1901-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1tb02031.x
30. Bader K, Zarea A. Satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics. Int J Dent.
2013;2013:912368. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/912368
31. Afshar MK, Eskandarizadeh A, Torabi M, Mousavi Mj, Mohamadzadeh I. Patient satisfaction with dental appearance and related factors- a cross sectional study. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci.2019;8(48):3569-74. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/771
32. Kovacevic Pavicic D, Pavlic A, Kinkela Devcic M, Lajnert V, Spalj S. Tooth Color as a Predictor of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults. J Prosthodont. 2017:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12666
33. Herrera A, Martín J, Pérez F, Bonafé E, Reis A, Dourado L, et al. Is personality relevant in the choice of bleaching? Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(8):2105-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1701-3
34. Martin J, Rivas V, Vildósola P, Moncada L, Junior OBO, Saad JRC, et al. Personality style in patients looking for tooth bleaching and its correlation with treatment satisfaction. Braz Dent J. 2016;27:60-65. https://doi.or/10.1590/0103-6440201600127
35. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881-97.