O que o Cirurgião-Dentista Precisa Saber Sobre a Doença de Crohn? What do Dentists Need to Know About Cronh’s Disease?
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A doença de Crohn é descrita como uma doença inflamatória intestinal de alta complexidade, caracterizando-se por apresentar lesões e inflamações transmurais que podem acometer todo o trato gastrointestinal. A doença de Crohn pode apresentar manifestações bucais, tais como lesões na mucosa, alterações do fluxo salivar e envolvimento periodontal. Para este artigo de revisão, foi realizada uma busca de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Academic Google, com espaço temporal de 2010 a 2020, utilizando palavras-chaves obtidas de acordo com o descritor em ciência da saúde. Foi encontrado que as lesões bucais estão presentes em cerca de 46,75% dos pacientes jovens e 22% dos pacientes idosos com doença de Crohn, podendo ser bastante incômodas, persistentes e de difícil tratamento. Apresentam-se com diversos aspectos clínicos como: ulcerações lineares ou aftosas, nodularidades da mucosa e aumento de volume labial. Essas lesões estão diretamente relacionadas com a doença, mas algumas lesões podem surgir de forma indireta, como complicação da doença de Crohn ou como efeitos adversos do tratamento. As manifestações bucais podem ser os primeiros sinais da doença de Crohn, logo, o reconhecimento de seus aspectos clínicos pode contribuir para um diagnóstico precoce. Cabe ao cirurgião-dentista reconhecer, diagnosticar e tratar, junto a uma equipe multiprofissional, as manifestações bucais da doença de Crohn, promovendo melhoras no quadro clínico dos pacientes.
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