Lesões dentárias não cariosas: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69909/Palavras-chave:
Desgaste dentário, Abrasão dentária, Erosão dentária, Diagnóstico diferencialResumo
As lesões dentárias não cariosas (LDNC) correspondem a um conjunto de alterações estruturais caracterizadas pela perda gradual e irreversível de tecido dentário duro não relacionada à cárie, causada por processos mecânicos e/ou químicos. Esse desgaste é dividido em quatro tipos, de acordo com a etiopatogenia: atrição, abrasão, abfração e erosão. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre a prevalência, etiopatogenia, diagnóstico diferencial, prevenção e tratamento das LDNC. Uma busca avançada foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS e Portal de periódicos CAPES utilizando os descritores DeCS e MeSH. Artigos publicados em revistas científicas em inglês e em português, disponíveis na íntegra, foram incluídos. Estudos duplicados ou não relacionados ao tema foram excluídos. Após a triagem dos títulos e resumos, 44 artigos foram selecionados para leitura completa. O desgaste dentário é altamente prevalente na população; aproximadamente 51% dos jovens adultos apresentam quatro ou mais dentes com desgaste; em crianças, 31% apresentam pelo menos um dente desgastado. As LDNC apresentam etiologia multifatorial e ampla variabilidade clínica. Estratégias preventivas com abordagem integrada à etiopatogenia e ao monitoramento a longo prazo são fundamentais para o manejo clínico das LDNC. O cirurgião-dentista deve conhecer as características clínicas de cada tipo de lesão e identificar os fatores etiológicos envolvidos na sua instalação e progressão, para que a prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado sejam realizados.
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