Periodontal disease and Cancer: what is the relationship?
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Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), characerized by chronic inflammation associated with a picture by dysbiosis, has been related to several pathologies in the human body and recent studies have revealed a strong association between PD and cancer. The aim of this article was to conduct a literature review on the relationship between both diseases. A survey was carried out in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Wiley Online Library databases, with health descriptors (DECs): “Doença Periodontal” and "Carcinogênese" and “Neoplasma” and its English correspondents, "Periodontal Disease" and "Carcinogenesis" and "Neoplasm". The inclusion criteria were complete articles published in English, Portuguese and/or Spanish from 2010 to 2020 resulting in 22 articles. It was found that, although the inflammatory process resulting from PD occurs locally in the oral cavity, inflammatory cells and their products, periodontopathogens - responsible for this inflammation in conjunction with the immune response of the host - and bacterial components can act on the body in general. The consequences are possible changes in cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune and inflammatory responses. In addition, periodontal pathogens are able to interact directly with cells in the body and thus stimulate carcinogenesis, tumor progression and/or metastases. These facts studied in conjunction with epigenetics have shown a positive association between several cancers and PD. It is concluded that, although some mechanisms involved in the association remain uncertain, epidemiological studies have added a new overview on this correlation.
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