The Norfolk-Pará route

American steamships in the commerce between Brazil and the United States of America (1840-1860).

Abstract

This paper analyzes commercial relations between Brazil and the United States from 1840 to 1860, focusing on American attempts to establish a steamship company on the Norfolk-Pará route. By examining correspondence and dispatches from the Brazilian consulate in Washington and New York, we observe the Imperial government's concern with creating national shipping companies, developing naval industries, and protecting against foreign encroachment. The study concludes that although the United States remained Brazil's primary coffee buyer throughout this period, the commercial relationship maintained an unfavorable imbalance for Brazil.