What should the clinician know about Chikungunya fever?

Abstract

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Togaviridae family and to the genus Alphavirus. In 2014, an
African-lineage and an Asia-lineage reached almost the same time in Brazil. Transmission may occur through by female Aedes
mosquitoes; vertical transmission, and by blood transfusion. CHIKV infection produces a variable clinical manifestation, from
mild to severe and disabling, and can be clinically confused with other arboviruses, such as Dengue Fever and Zika, due
to the similarity of symptoms in the early stage of the disease. The laboratory diagnosis depends on the viremia and the
immunological response. Despite its great relevance and impact on quality of life, its pathophysiology is still poorly understood
and the evidence regarding treatment is incipient. Due to the great impact on the health of the affected people, new forms
of treatment have been sought, with the purpose of alleviating the symptoms and biopsychosocial consequences inherent in
the pathophysiological process of CHIKV. No specific antiviral or vaccine is available. The objective of this review is to analyze
Chikungunya fever from the clinician’s point of view, considering the pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects,
above all, for pain control. Both, primary health and initial care in confirmed or suspected cases are paramount importance
given the increasing number of cases and the strong socioeconomic impact that Chikungunya Fever can cause.